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Stonepaste bottle, painted in lustre with seated figures and prowling animals

From Kashan, Iran

Dated Muharram 575 AH,AD 1179

The earliest known piece of Kashan lustreware

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Stone relief from Persepolis showing a servant

Achaemenid Persian, 4th century BC

From Persepolis, south-west Iran

A servant in the royal court of Persia

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Gold griffin-headed armlet from the Oxus treasure

Achaemenid Persian, 5th-4th century BC

From the region of Takht-i Kuwad, Tadjikistan

This gold bracelet is part of the Oxus treasure, the most important collection of gold and silver to have survived from the Achaemenid period. There is a companion piece in the Victoria and Albert Museum

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Cyrus Cylinder

 

Babylonian, about 539-530 BC

From Babylon, southern Iraq

 

 

A declaration of good kingship

 

This clay cylinder is inscribed in Babylonian cuneiform with an account by Cyrus, king of Persia (559-530 BC) of his conquest of Babylon in 539 BC and capture of Nabonidus, the last Babylonian king

Cyrus claims to have achieved this with the aid of Marduk, the god of Babylon. He then describes measures of relief he brought to the inhabitants of the city, and tells how he returned a number of images of gods, which Nabonidus had collected in Babylon, to their proper temples throughout Mesopotamia and western Iran. At the same time he arranged for the restoration of these temples, and organized the return to their homelands of a number of people who had been held in Babylonia by the Babylonian kings. Although the Jews are not mentioned in this document, their return to Palestine following their deportation by Nebuchadnezzar II, was part of this policy

This cylinder has sometimes been described as the 'first charter of human rights', but it in fact reflects a long tradition in Mesopotamia where, from as early as the third millennium BC, kings began their reigns with declarations of reforms

 

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Silver 'Abbasi coin of the Safavid Dynasty

 

Minted in Baghdad, AD 1624–5

Shah 'Abbas I of Iran (1571–1629) dramatically increased the silk trade with Europe to rebuild the Iranian economy after it had nearly collapsed under the disastrous rule of his father. Gold and silver coins received from Europe were melted down and re-struck as Iranian coins, which were then

used to buy goods from India

 

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