biography

zzahra · 26 تیر، ۱۳۹۰

Ahmad Shamlou

was a

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poet, writer, and journalist. Shamlou is arguably the most influential poet of modern

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.His poetry was initially very much influenced by and was in the tradition of

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. Shamlou's poetry is complex, yet his imagery, which contributes significantly to the intensity of his poems, is simple. As the base, he uses the traditional imagery familiar to his Iranian audience through the works of Persian masters like

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and

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. For infrastructure and impact, he uses a kind of everyday imagery in which personified oxymoronic elements are spiked with an unreal combination of the abstract and the concrete thus far unprecedented in Persian poetry, which distressed some of the admirers of more traditional poetry .

Shamlou has translated extensively from French to

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and his own works are also translated into a number of languages. He has also written a number of plays, edited the works of major classical Persian poets, especially Hafez. His thirteen-volume Ketab-e Koucheh (

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) is a major contribution in understanding the

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beliefs and language. He also writes fiction and Screenplays, contributing to children’s literature, and journalism

zzahra · 26 تیر، ۱۳۹۰

Sadegh hedayat

Hedayat was born to a northern Iranian aristocratic family in

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and was educated at

Collège Saint-Louis (French catholic school) and

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(1914–1916). In 1925, he was among a selected few students who travelled to Europe to continue their studies. There, he initially went on to study

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in

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, after a year he gave this up to study

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in

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. While there, he gave up architecture to pursue

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. In this period he became acquainted with Therese, a Parisian with whom he had a love affair. In 1927 Hedayat attempted suicide by throwing himself into the river

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, however he was rescued by a fishing boat. After four years in France and Belgium, where he befriended

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, who was to remain a lifelong friend, he finally surrendered his scholarship and returned home in the summer of 1930 without receiving a degree. In Iran he held various jobs for short periods.

Tomb of Sadegh Hedayat,

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, Paris.

Hedayat subsequently devoted his whole life to studying Western literature and to learning and investigating Iranian history and folklore. The works of

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,

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,

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,

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and

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intrigued him the most. During his short literary life span, Hedayat published a substantial number of short stories and novelettes, two historical dramas, a play, a travelogue, and a collection of satirical parodies and sketches. His writings also include numerous literary criticisms, studies in Persian folklore, and many translations from

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and

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. He is credited with having brought Persian language and literature into the mainstream of international contemporary writing. There is no doubt that Hedayat was the most modern of all modern writers in Iran. Yet, for Hedayat, modernity was not just a question of scientific rationality or a pure imitation of European values.

In his later years, feeling the socio-political problems of the time, Hedayat started attacking the two major causes of Iran's decimation, the monarchy and the clergy, and through his stories he tried to impute the deafness and blindness of the nation to the abuses of these two major powers. Feeling alienated by everyone around him, especially by his peers, Hedayat's last published work, The Message of Kafka, bespeaks melancholy, desperation and a sense of doom experienced only by those subjected to discrimination and repression.

Hedayat travelled and stayed in India from 1937 until 1939. In Bombay he completed and published his most enduring work,

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, whose writing he started as early as 1930 in Paris. The book was praised by many including Henry Miller and André Breton. It has been called "one of the most important literary works in the Persian language".

At the end of 1950, Hedayat left Iran for Paris. There, on 4 April 1951, he committed suicide by

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himself in a small rented apartment on 37 Rue Championnet. He had plugged all the gaps in the windows and door with cotton and, so it wouldn’t burden anyone, he had placed the money (a hundred thousand francs) for his shroud and burial in his side wallet in plain view. He was buried at the division 85 of

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cemetery. His funeral was attended by a number of intimate friends and close acquaintances, both Iranian and Frenchmen.

zzahra · 26 تیر، ۱۳۹۰

Mehdi akhavan sales

Akhavan Sales was born in 1928 in

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,

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. He gave up an interest in music to appease his father. When the government of prime minister

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was toppled, he was imprisoned along with other political activists. His daughter Laleh, was born while he was in prison.

After his release from prison in 1957, he started to work in radio, and soon after was transferred to

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to work in TV. Later on, he taught literature on radio and TV and at the university. After the 1979

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he was granted membership to the Iranian Academy of Artists and Writers. In 1981 he was forced to retire from government service without pay. In 1990, following an invitation from the cultural organization in Germany, he traveled abroad for the first time. Few months after his return, he died at Mehr Hospital in

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. He is buried on the grounds of the mausoleum of

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in

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The translation of one of his most famous poems Winter (Zemestan in Persian) is provided below.

Reign of Winte

Translation: Maryam Dilmaghani

And if you ever greet them

they will not pause one instant

to greet you back.

Heads are hanging sternly lowly.

And if you salute the passing friends

They will not raise their heads

They will not move their gaze

to even glance at your face.

The sight is lost in an opaque, thick haze.

No sign of the stars: They no longer blaze!

The eyes see no more-but one step ahead;

We pass silent and sombre with our tumbling tread.

To a passing man, it is your hand that you lend

Only hesitantly he extends his to you, Alas My Friend!

The air is bitter cold and cruel, the route is a dead-end!

You exhale and your breath turns into a dark blur,

raising insolently a wall in front of your eye.

If this is your own breath then what could you expect

from your friends –of far-away or close-by?

O My Honest Saviour!

O My Old Virtuous Companion!

I hail you with reverence and respect!

Welcome me back!

Open me your door!

It is me, it’s me: Your visitor of all nights!

It is me, it’s me: The sorrowful errant!

It is me: The discarded, The beaten stone!

It is me: The injury to Creation; The song out of tune!

Recall? Not the black, not the white: The colourless buffoon!

Come and open me the door!

I am freezing; open the door before!

O Counterpart! O Generous Host!

Your usual guest is trembling in the icy outside!

And if you have ever heard a sound:

It is not raining and in this lane there is not even a soul!

The noise is from the encounter of my teeth

with this overwhelming cold.

Tonight I am here to reimburse you in mass!

I am here to go clear in front of a wine-glass!

Do not say “It’s late; it’s almost the crack of dawn!”

The sky is deceitful with its blushed fawn!

This red is not from the rays of light;

The red is the imprint of this cold’s shameless clout!

The pendant of the bosom of the heavens, Sun,-dead or afoot-

is buried, obscured, beneath the weight of a nine-storey vault!

O Counterpart! O Generous Host!

Pour wine into the glass to light up this bitter exile:

You see? In this winter days and nights are equal.

And if you ever greet them

they will not pause one instant

to greet you back.

The air is heavy, the doors are closed,

Heads hang lowly, and hands are cloaked.

Your breath turns to a dark shadow,

Hearts are fading away under the sway of sorrow.

The trees are naked, like frozen, forsaken bones,

Earth is desolate, Sky is falling down.

Moon and Sun are lost behind Loads of Litter:

It is, indeed,

The Reign of Winter

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.

zzahra · 27 تیر، ۱۳۹۰

Bozorg Alavi

was an influential

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writer, novelist, and political intellectual. He was a founding member of the communist

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of Iran in the 1940s and – following the

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against Premier

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– spent the rest of his life in exile in Germany, first during the Pahlavi regime, then returning to Germany once more following the

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. His finest novel is Chashm'hā'yash (Her Eyes), which was published in Iran in 1952 and was subsequently banned

Major Works:

Chamedan (The Suitcase) (1934)
Varaq Pareh'ha-ye Zendan (Scrap Papers from Prison) (1941)
Panjah-o Seh Nafar (Fifty Three Persons) (1942)
Nameh' ha va Dastan'ha-ye digar (Letters and Other Stories) (1952)
Chashmhayash (Her Eyes) (1952)

.

zzahra · 29 تیر، ۱۳۹۰

Saeed Nafisi

Saeed Nafisi (also Naficy) (8 June 1896 - November 13, 1966) was an

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scholar, fiction writer and poet. He was a prolific writer in Persian.

Nafisi was born in

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, where he conducted numerous research projects on Iranian culture, literature and poetry. He first emerged as a serious thinker when he joined

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,

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,

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and

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to found one of the first literary magazines to be published in Iran, called

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, in 1918. He subsequently published many seminal articles on Iran, Persian literary texts and

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and his works have been translated into more than 20 languages worldwide. He died in a Russian hospital in

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.

Saeed Nafisi's relatives include Moadeb Naficy, the guardian and doctor of the Shah of Iran (Reza Pahlavi); and Moadeb's son Habib Naficy, a senior statesman, founder of Iran's labor laws, U.S.-Iran Attache, and founder of multiple technical universities in Tehran, as well as acclaimed author, Azar Nafisi, a niece of his.

Nafisi taught in

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,

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,

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and

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zzahra · 3 مرداد، ۱۳۹۰

Jalal Al-e-Ahmad

Jalal Al-e-Ahmad (December 2, 1923 – September 9, 1969) was a prominent

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writer, thinker, and social and political critic.

Jalal was born into a religious family in

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. His father was an

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originally from the small village of Owrazan in Taleghan mountains. After elementary school Al-e-Ahmad was sent to earn a living in the Tehran bazaar, but also attended Marvi Madreseh for a religious education, and without his father's permission, night classes at the Tehran Polytechnic. He became "acquainted with the speech and words of

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" and was unable to commit to the clerical career his father and brother had hoped he would take, describing it as "a snare in the shape of a cloak and an

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."

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In 1946 he earned an M.A. in

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from Tehran Teachers College

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and became a teacher, at the same time making a sharp break with his religious family that left him "completely on his own resources."

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He pursued academic studies further and enrolled in a doctoral program of

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at

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but quit before he had defended his dissertation in 1951.

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In 1950, he married

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, a well-known

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. Jalal and Simin were infertile, a topic that was reflected in some of Jalal's works.

He died in Asalem, a rural region in the north of Iran, inside a cottage which was built almost entirely by himself. He was buried in Firouzabadi

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in

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.

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In 2010, the Tehran Cultural Heritage, Tourism and Handicrafts Department bought the house in which Jalal Al-e Ahmad and his brother Shams had born and lived

Novels and novellas

The School Principal

By the Pen

The Tale of Beehives

The Cursing of the Land

A Stone upon a Grave

Translations

The Gambler by

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,

L'Etranger by

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,

Les mains sales by

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,

Return from the U.S.S.R. by

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,

Rhinoceros by

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,

zzahra · 8 مرداد، ۱۳۹۰

Simin Dāneshvar (born on April 28, 1921 in

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) is an

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academic, novelist, fiction writer and translator of literary works from

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,

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,

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and

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into

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. Daneshvar has a number of firsts to her credit. In 1948, her collection of Persian short stories was the first by an Iranian woman to be published. The first novel by an Iranian woman was her Savushun ("Mourners of

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," 1969), which has become Iran's bestselling novel ever. Daneshvar's Playhouse, a collection of five stories and two autobiographical pieces, is the first volume of translated stories by an Iranian woman author

zzahra · 8 مرداد، ۱۳۹۰

Reza amirkhani

Reza Amirkhani is a contemporary

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. He started writing at high school with "ERMIA" novel.He has studied

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at

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and is a graduate of

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.he also writes essays and researches about scientific & social problems. Some of his novels, remarkably Man-e-oo (His Ego), "AZ BE", "NASER ARMANI" has received some popular acclaim. There are also Dastan-e-Sistan and Nasht-e-Nesha written by him that describes some social problems and their solutions.

works:

Ermia

Naser Armani

Az Be

Man-e-oo (His Ego

)

Dastan-e-Sistan (about ten day travel with supreme leader of Iran)

Nasht-e-Nesha (an article about Iranian brain drain)

2008 :Bi Vatan ("Homelandless")

2010:Nafahat -e- naft (an essey about oil management)

soon:Jaanestaan-e-Kaabulistan (political article about four election in 2010 in middle east)

zzahra · 4 شهریور، ۱۳۹۰

Forough Farokhzd

Forugh (also spelled Forough) was born in Tehran. At age sixteen she was married to

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, an acclaimed satirist.Farrokhzad continued her education with classes in painting and sewing and moved with her husband to

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. A year later, she born her only child, a son named Kāmyār .

Within two years, in 1954, Farrokhzad and her husband divorced; Parviz won custody of the child. She moved back to Tehran to write

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and published her first volume, entitled The Captive, in 1955. Farrokhzad, a female divorcée writing controversial poetry with a strong feminine voice, became the focus of much negative attention and open disapproval.

In 1958 she spent nine months in Europe and met film-maker and writer

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, who reinforced her own inclinations to express herself and live independently. She published two more volumes, The Wall and The Rebellion before traveling to

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to make a film about Iranians affected by

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. This 1962 documentary film titled

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won several international awards. During the twelve days of shooting, she became attached to Hossein Mansouri, the child of two lepers. She adopted the boy and brought him to live at her mother's house Farrokhzad's poetry was banned for more than a decade after the

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. At 4:30PM on February 13, 1967, Farrokhzad died in a car accident at age thirty-two:hanghead:!!

In order to avoid hitting a school bus, she swerved her Jeep, which hit a stone wall; she died before reaching the hospital. Her poem Let us believe in the beginning of the cold season was published posthumously, and is considered by some to be the best-structured modern poem in

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zzahra · 3 خرداد، ۱۳۹۱

Hossein Panahi Dezhkooh

(born 28 August 1956 - died 7 August 2004 ) was an iranian actor and poet After graduating from high school, recommended by his father, he found his way to "Ayatollah Golpaygaani"'s religion school. He then came back to his home town as a religious figure, but only for a few months!!

He then moved to Tehran and started studying in Anahita art school for four years and graduated as an actor and screen writer.

He started his acting career in a TV show named: Mahaleh Bhdaasht (‪Hygiene Neighbour).

He then performed in some TV showes written by himself which were not that successful. He got some good attention from a show name "Two ducks in fog". He was the writer and director of the show as well as performing in it. This was his break through and people requested his shows to be broadcasted again.

He died at the age of 49 !! caused by a heart attack . He was buried in the city of Soogh next to his mother....

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