refiner

فرایند fcc فرآيند fcc يك فرآيند كراكينگ كاتاليستي جهت كراكينگ برشهاي سنگين نفت می‌باشد. اولين واحد fcc در ايران در سال 1330 در پالايشگاه آبادان ساخته شد. احداث واحدهايfcc جهت حل مشكل بنزين كشور ضروري مي‌باشد. چندين واحدfcc قرار است در پالايشگاهها احداث گردد. ظرفيت واحدهايfcc بين 8000-200000 bpd مي‌باشد.تكنولوژي واحدهاي fcc متعلق به uop،kbr،shell،axens ،lummus،swec مي‌باشد. و تكنولوژي فعلي fcc مبتني بر سيستم راكتورriser مي‌باشد.در واحدهاي فعلي fcc علاوه بر توليد بنزين به توليد پروپيلن اهميت داده مي‌شود. سعی میکنیم دراین تاپیک درمورد این فرایند به نحو مبسوطی صحبت کنیم از اطلاعات ونظرات سایر دوستان استقبال میشود

سجاد حالا پا تو کفش ما میکنی؟شدی نفرابزار دقیق؟ یه سوال منظور از surge drum چیه وکاربردش درکجاست؟

دانلود مکانیک سیالات شومز Schaum's Outlines of Fluid Mechanics لینک دانلود

سلام به همه دوستان والا من سالهاست که دیگه از فضای درس ودانشگاه دور بودم واینجا هم به دعوت یکی از دوستای خوبم(سجاد)اومدم تا شاید بتونم اندک کمکی بکنم اما درمورد ارشد وکلا مطالب مرتبط با مهندسی شیمی هرکمکی ازدستمون بربیاد درخدمت شما عزیزان هستم

Cracking breaks large chains into smaller chains. [h=1]Chemical Processing[/h] You can change one fraction into another by one of three methods: breaking large hydrocarbons into smaller pieces (cracking) combining smaller pieces to make larger ones (unification) rearranging various pieces to make desired hydrocarbons (alteration) [h=3]Cracking[/h] Cracking takes large hydrocarbons and breaks them into smaller ones.There are several types of cracking: Thermal - you heat large hydrocarbons at high temperatures (sometimes high pressures as well) until they break apart. steam - high temperature steam (1500 degrees Fahrenheit / 816 degrees Celsius) is used to break ethane, butane and naptha into ethylene and benzene, which are used to manufacture chemicals. visbreaking - residual from the distillation tower is heated (900 degrees Fahrenheit / 482 degrees Celsius), cooled with gas oil and rapidly burned (flashed) in a distillation tower. This process reduces the viscosity of heavy weight oils and produces tar. coking - residual from the distillation tower is heated to temperatures above 900 degrees Fahrenheit / 482 degrees Celsius until it cracks into heavy oil, gasoline and naphtha. When the process is done, a heavy, almost pure carbon residue is left (coke); the coke is cleaned from the cokers and sold. Photo courtesy Phillips Petroleum Company Catalysts used in catalytic cracking or reforming Catalytic - uses a catalyst to speed up the cracking reaction. Catalysts include zeolite, aluminum hydrosilicate, bauxite and silica-alumina. fluid catalytic cracking - a hot, fluid catalyst (1000 degrees Fahrenheit / 538 degrees Celsius) cracks heavy gas oil into diesel oils and gasoline. hydrocracking - similar to fluid catalytic cracking, but uses a different catalyst, lower temperatures, higher pressure, and hydrogen gas. It takes heavy oil and cracks it into gasoline and kerosene (jet fuel). After various hydrocarbons are cracked into smaller hydrocarbons, the products go through another fractional distillation column to separate them. [h=3]Unification[/h] Sometimes, you need to combine smaller hydrocarbons to make larger ones -- this process is called unification. The major unification process is called catalytic reforming and uses a catalyst (platinum, platinum-rhenium mix) to combine low weight naphtha into aromatics, which are used in making chemicals and in blending gasoline. A significant by-product of this reaction is hydrogen gas, which is then either used for hydrocracking or sold. A reformer combines chains. [h=3]Alteration[/h] Sometimes, the structures of molecules in one fraction are rearranged to produce another. Commonly, this is done using a process called alkylation. In alkylation, low molecular weight compounds, such as propylene and butylene, are mixed in the presence of a catalyst such as hydrofluoric acid or sulfuric acid (a by-product from removing impurities from many oil products). The products of alkylation are high octane hydrocarbons, which are used in gasoline blends to reduce knocking (see "What does octane mean?" for details). Rearranging Chains Now that we have seen how various fractions are changed, we will discuss the how the fractions are treated and blended to make commercial products. An oil refinery is a combination of all of these units.

سلام اینجارو یکی از دوستای خوبم معرفی کرده وقراره یخورده بهش کمک برسونم! ممنون از کسانی که کمک میکنند وکسانی که میخوان فعالیت کنن:icon_pf (44):