Surface Coal Mine Operators

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Download free Small Surface Coal Mine Operators Handbook

 

Taken from PURPOSE OF THIS HANDBOOK: The purpose of this handbook is to interpret the Regulations of the Surface Mining Control and Reclamation Act of 1977 (Public Law 95-87)(hereafter referred to as the Act) as they affect the operators of small surface coal mines (a samall mine operator is defined in the Act as one with an annual coal production of less than 100.000 tons). Further, the purpose of this handbook is to make it easier for the small operator to compare his operation with the act in order to determine compliance with the regulations. Part 795 of the Regulations deals specifically with the Small Operator Assistance Program. This program relieves the operator of the cost of carryingout certain hydrologic and geologic analyzes required by the Regulations.

The emphasis of this handbook is on the protection of water resources during mining and reclamation operations. As almost all the operations in surface mining directly or indirectly affect water we have included some operations which may only marginally affect water quality or hydrology.

Anthracite mining, lignite mining, coal processing, refuse disposal, and slurry disposal are not covered in this handbook. Design guidelines for slurry impoundments and coal refuse piles may be found in “Design Guidelines for Coal Refuse Piles and Water, Sediment, or Slurry Impoundments and Impounding Structures,” MESA Technical Support Center, Pittsburg, PA, April 1976.

The area covered by this handbook includes only that east of the 100th meridian west longitude.

Contents:

 

• CHAPTER 1 Purpose of this Handbook
  
  • Use of this handbook
    
  • The Opportunity for Small Operator
    

   

  [*]CHAPTER 2 Problem of Surface Mining

  • Problem - Water Quality
    
  • Acid Mine Drainage
    
  • Sedimentation
    
  • Some Climatic Factors Affecting Surface Mining
    

   

  [*]CHAPTER 3 Surface Mining Methods and Equipment for Small Mine Operators

  • Selection of Machinery
    

   

  [*]CHAPTER 4 Area Mining (single Seam)

  • Contour Mining
    
  • Mountaintop Removal
    

   

  [*]CHAPTER 5 Pre-Mining Surveys, Exploration and Planning

  • Performance Standards for Exploration
    
  • Planning
    

   

  [*]APPENDIX

  • Summary of Main Requirements of Performance Standards Concerning the Control of Erosion and Sedimentation
    
  • Summary of Main Requirements of Performance Standards Concerning the Minimization of Changes in Water Quality
    

   

  [*]CHAPTER 6 - Mobilization and Mining Operations

  • General
    
  • Haul Roads
    
  • Sedimentation Ponds
    
  • Stream Diversions - Overland Flow and Ephemeral Streams
    
  • Stream Diversions - Perennial and Intermittent Streams
    
  • Clearance of Vegetation and Removal of Topsoil
    
  • Temporary Spoil
    
  • Disposal of Excess Spoil - Head of Hollow and Valley Fills
    
  • Handling Pit Water, Acid Mine Drainage
    
  • Acid Forming Material, Rough Backfilling and Grading
    

   

  [*]CHAPTER 7 - Reclamation and Revegetation

  • General
    
  • Terraces
    
  • Final Grading
    
  • Grass Waterways
    
  • Replacement of Topsoil and Cultivation
    
  • Soil Amendments - Lime and Fertilizer
    
  • Soil Amendments - Sewage Effluent and Sludge
    
  • Soil Amendments - Fly Ash
    
  • Mulches
    
  • Chemical Stabilizers
    
  • Cover Crops
    
  • Permanent Revegetation - General
    
  • Permanent Revegetation - Trees and Shrubs
    
  • Permanent Revegetation - Herbaceous Species
    

   

  [*]CHAPTER 8 - Post Mining Land Uses

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