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Magnetic card reader

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توسط رویای ماه،
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رویای ماه    865

رویای ماه
ارسال شده در

Magnetic card reader

 

 

CardReader.jpgThe reader mechanism shown was purchased from

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for $1.50.

 

The unit provides the magnetic head on a spring mechanism along with low level head signal amplifiers and data slicers. Three signal lines comming from the unit provide card presence, clock, and data. When actively reading a card, it draws about 50ma of current at 5 volts.

 

The data from the unit appeared to be 'track-2' format. This is 4 bit plus odd parity data. The data is readily converted to ASCII by adding Hex-30 to each nibble.

 

card.gif

 

The PIC12F675 looked like a good match for this project. The pair of 10k resistors on GP0 and GP1 are to allow in-circuit programming via a protoclip. RS-232 levels are generated by robbing the negative voltage from the computers transmit line (which is not otherwise used here), and creating usable signal levels from the device to the computer.

 

As it turns out, credit cards and many other type of comercial magnetic strip cards use the track-2 data.

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سمندون    19437

سمندون
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A magnetic stripe card is a type of card capable of storing

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by modifying the
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of tiny iron-based magnetic particles on a band of magnetic material on the card. The magnetic stripe, sometimes called a magstripe, is read by physical contact and swiping past a reading head.

A number of

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standards,
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,
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,
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,
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,
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, and
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, define the physical properties of the card, including size, flexibility, location of the magstripe, magnetic characteristics, and data formats. They also provide the standards for financial cards, including the allocation of card number ranges to different card issuing institutions.

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سمندون    19437

سمندون
ارسال شده در

The magnetic stripe

 

 

The process of attaching a magnetic stripe to a plastic card was invented by

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under a contract with the US government for a security system.
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, an IBM Engineer, had the idea of securing a piece of magnetic tape, the predominant storage medium at the time, to a plastic card base. He became frustrated because every adhesive he tried produced unacceptable results. The tape strip either warped or its characteristics were affected by the adhesive, rendering the tape strip unusable. After a frustrating day in the laboratory, trying to get the right adhesive, he came home with several pieces of magnetic tape and several plastic cards. As he walked in the door at home, his wife was ironing and watching TV. She immediately saw the frustration on his face and asked what was wrong. He explained the source of his frustration: inability to get the tape to "stick" to the plastic in a way that would work. She said, "Here, let me try the iron." She did and the problem was solved. The heat of the iron was just high enough to bond the tape to the card.
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There were a number of steps required to convert the magnetic striped media into an industry acceptable device. These steps included: 1) Creating the international standards for stripe record content, including which information, in what format, and using which defining codes. 2) Field testing the proposed device and standards for market acceptance. 3) Developing the manufacturing steps needed to mass produce the large number of cards required. 4) Adding stripe issue and acceptance capabilities to available equipment. These steps were initially managed by Jerome Svigals of the Advanced Systems Division of IBM, Los Gatos, California from 1966 to 1975.

In most magnetic stripe cards, the magnetic stripe is contained in a plastic-like film. The magnetic stripe is located 0.223 inches (5.56 mm) from the edge of the card, and is 0.375 inches (9.52 mm) wide. The magnetic stripe contains three tracks, each 0.110 inches (2.79 mm) wide. Tracks one and three are typically recorded at 210 bits per inch (8.27 bits per mm), while track two typically has a recording density of 75 bits per inch (2.95 bits per mm). Each track can either contain 7-bit alphanumeric characters, or 5-bit numeric characters. Track 1 standards were created by the

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. Track 2 standards were created by the
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. Track 3 standards were created by the Thrift-Savings industry.

Magstripes following these specifications can typically be read by most

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hardware, which are simply general-purpose computers that can be programmed to perform specific tasks. Examples of cards adhering to these standards include
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,
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(credit and debit cards including
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and
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),
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,
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,
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,
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,
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, electronic benefit transfer cards (e.g.
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), and nearly any application in which value or secure information is not stored on the card itself. Many video game and amusement centers now use debit card systems based on magnetic stripe cards.

Magnetic stripe cloning can be detected by the implementation of magnetic card reader heads and firmware that can read a signature embedded in all magnetic stripes during the card production process. This signature known as a

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or BluPrint can be used in conjunction with common two factor authentication schemes utilized in ATM, debit/retail point-of-sale and prepaid card applications.
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Counterexamples of cards which intentionally ignore ISO standards include hotel key cards, most subway and bus cards, and some national prepaid calling cards (such as for the country of

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) in which the balance is stored and maintained directly on the stripe and not retrieved from a remote database.

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